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Return a copy of x with the order of the columns reversed. For example,
fliplr ([1, 2; 3, 4]) => 2 1 4 3Note that
fliplr
only workw with 2-D arrays. To flip N-d arrays useflipdim
instead.
Return a copy of x with the order of the rows reversed. For example,
flipud ([1, 2; 3, 4]) => 3 4 1 2Due to the difficulty of defining which axis about which to flip the matrix
flipud
only work with 2-d arrays. To flip N-d arrays useflipdim
instead.
Return a copy of x flipped about the dimension dim. For example
flipdim ([1, 2; 3, 4], 2) => 2 1 4 3
Return a copy of x with the elements rotated counterclockwise in 90-degree increments. The second argument is optional, and specifies how many 90-degree rotations are to be applied (the default value is 1). Negative values of n rotate the matrix in a clockwise direction. For example,
rot90 ([1, 2; 3, 4], -1) => 3 1 4 2rotates the given matrix clockwise by 90 degrees. The following are all equivalent statements:
rot90 ([1, 2; 3, 4], -1) == rot90 ([1, 2; 3, 4], 3) == rot90 ([1, 2; 3, 4], 7)Due to the difficulty of defining an axis about which to rotate the matrix
rot90
only work with 2-D arrays. To rotate N-d arrays userotdim
instead.
Return a copy of x with the elements rotated counterclockwise in 90-degree increments. The second argument is optional, and specifies how many 90-degree rotations are to be applied (the default value is 1). The third argument is also optional and defines the plane of the rotation. As such plane is a two element vector containing two different valid dimensions of the matrix. If plane is not given Then the first two non-singleton dimensions are used.
Negative values of n rotate the matrix in a clockwise direction. For example,
rotdim ([1, 2; 3, 4], -1, [1, 2]) => 3 1 4 2rotates the given matrix clockwise by 90 degrees. The following are all equivalent statements:
rot90 ([1, 2; 3, 4], -1, [1, 2]) == rot90 ([1, 2; 3, 4], 3, [1, 2]) == rot90 ([1, 2; 3, 4], 7, [1, 2])
Return the concatenation of N-d array objects, array1, array2, ..., arrayN along dimension dim.
A = ones (2, 2); B = zeros (2, 2); cat (2, A, B) => ans = 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0Alternatively, we can concatenate A and B along the second dimension the following way:
[A, B].dim can be larger than the dimensions of the N-d array objects and the result will thus have dim dimensions as the following example shows:
cat (4, ones(2, 2), zeros (2, 2)) => ans = ans(:,:,1,1) = 1 1 1 1 ans(:,:,1,2) = 0 0 0 0
Return the horizontal concatenation of N-d array objects, array1, array2, ..., arrayN along dimension 2.
Return the vertical concatenation of N-d array objects, array1, array2, ..., arrayN along dimension 1.
Return the generalized transpose for an N-d array object a. The permutation vector perm must contain the elements
1:ndims(a)
(in any order, but each element must appear just once).
The inverse of the
permute
function. The expressionipermute (permute (a, perm), perm)returns the original array a.
Return a matrix with the given dimensions whose elements are taken from the matrix a. The elements of the matrix are access in column-major order (like Fortran arrays are stored).
For example,
reshape ([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 2) => 1 3 2 4Note that the total number of elements in the original matrix must match the total number of elements in the new matrix.
A single dimension of the return matrix can be unknown and is flagged by an empty argument.
Circularly shifts the values of the array x. n must be a vector of integers no longer than the number of dimensions in x. The values of n can be either positive or negative, which determines the direction in which the values or x are shifted. If an element of n is zero, then the corresponding dimension of x will not be shifted. For example
x = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]; circshift (x, 1) => 7, 8, 9 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6 circshift (x, -2) => 7, 8, 9 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6 circshift (x, [0,1]) => 3, 1, 2 6, 4, 5 9, 7, 8
Shifts the dimension of x by n, where n must be an integer scalar. When n is positive, the dimensions of x are shifted to the left, with the leading dimensions circulated to the end. If n is negative, then the dimensions of x are shifted to the right, with n leading singleton dimensions added.
Called with a single argument,
shiftdim
, removes the leading singleton dimensions, returning the number of dimensions removed in the second output argument ns.For example
x = ones (1, 2, 3); size (shiftdim (x, -1)) => [2, 3, 1] size (shiftdim (x, 1)) => [1, 1, 2, 3] [b, ns] = shiftdim (x); => b = [1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 1] => ns = 1
If x is a vector, perform a circular shift of length b of the elements of x.
If x is a matrix, do the same for each column of x. If the optional dim argument is given, operate along this dimension
Return a copy of x with the elements elements arranged in increasing order. For matrices,
sort
orders the elements in each column.For example,
sort ([1, 2; 2, 3; 3, 1]) => 1 1 2 2 3 3The
sort
function may also be used to produce a matrix containing the original row indices of the elements in the sorted matrix. For example,[s, i] = sort ([1, 2; 2, 3; 3, 1]) => s = 1 1 2 2 3 3 => i = 1 3 2 1 3 2If the optional argument dim is given, then the matrix is sorted along the dimension defined by dim. The optional argument
mode
defines the order in which the values will be sorted. Valid values ofmode
are `ascend' or `descend'.For equal elements, the indices are such that the equal elements are listed in the order that appeared in the original list.
The
sort
function may also be used to sort strings and cell arrays of strings, it which case the dictionary order of the strings is used.The algorithm used in
sort
is optimized for the sorting of partially ordered lists.
Since the sort
function does not allow sort keys to be specified,
it can't be used to order the rows of a matrix according to the values
of the elements in various columns1
in a single call. Using the second output, however, it is possible to
sort all rows based on the values in a given column. Here's an example
that sorts the rows of a matrix based on the values in the second
column.
a = [1, 2; 2, 3; 3, 1]; [s, i] = sort (a (:, 2)); a (i, :) => 3 1 1 2 2 3
Return a new matrix formed by extracting extract the lower (
tril
) or upper (triu
) triangular part of the matrix a, and setting all other elements to zero. The second argument is optional, and specifies how many diagonals above or below the main diagonal should also be set to zero.The default value of k is zero, so that
triu
andtril
normally include the main diagonal as part of the result matrix.If the value of k is negative, additional elements above (for
tril
) or below (fortriu
) the main diagonal are also selected.The absolute value of k must not be greater than the number of sub- or super-diagonals.
For example,
tril (ones (3), -1) => 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0and
tril (ones (3), 1) => 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Return the vector obtained by stacking the columns of the matrix x one above the other.
Return the vector obtained by eliminating all supradiagonal elements of the square matrix x and stacking the result one column above the other.
Prepends (appends) the scalar value c to the vector x until it is of length l. If the third argument is not supplied, a value of 0 is used.
If
length (
x) >
l, elements from the beginning (end) of x are removed until a vector of length l is obtained.If x is a matrix, elements are prepended or removed from each row.
If the optional dim argument is given, then operate along this dimension.
[1] For example, to first sort based on the values in column 1, and then, for any values that are repeated in column 1, sort based on the values found in column 2, etc.