git-pack-refs - Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access
git pack-refs [--all] [--no-prune]
Traditionally, tips of branches and tags (collectively known as refs) were stored one file per ref under $GIT_DIR/refs directory. While many branch tips tend to be updated often, most tags and some branch tips are never updated. When a repository has hundreds or thousands of tags, this one-file-per-ref format both wastes storage and hurts performance.
This command is used to solve the storage and performance problem by stashing the refs in a single file, $GIT_DIR/packed-refs. When a ref is missing from the traditional $GIT_DIR/refs hierarchy, it is looked up in this file and used if found.
Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under $GIT_DIR/refs hierarchy.
A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many refs is to pack its refs with --all --prune once, and occasionally run git pack-refs --prune. Tags are by definition stationary and are not expected to change. Branch heads will be packed with the initial pack-refs --all, but only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked, and the next pack-refs (without --all) will leave them unpacked.
The command by default packs all tags and refs that are already packed, and leaves other refs alone. This is because branches are expected to be actively developed and packing their tips does not help performance. This option causes branch tips to be packed as well. Useful for a repository with many branches of historical interests.
The command usually removes loose refs under $GIT_DIR/refs hierarchy after packing them. This option tells it not to.
Written by Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Part of the git(1) suite